Congratulations, Frank

The Greylock team would like to congratulate Frank Slootman on being named the new CEO at Service-Now, a super cool SaaS company based in San Diego. Frank joined Greylock earlier this year, after a fantastic run at Data Domain that culminated in the sale of the company to EMC for $2.4 Billion in 2009 (Greylock was one of the lead investors in Data Domain). Soon after joining the firm, Frank came to the conclusion that he would like to be involved with another high growth company as CEO, and had the full support of the Greylock team in finding the right opportunity. Frank will remain a venture partner at Greylock, serving as an advisor to the firm and as mentor to our portfolio companies’ CEOs. Congrats, Frank!

The Master Switch, by Tim Wu

This is a fantastic book about how information empires rise and fall — everyone in technology industries should read it. Tim is a professor at Columbia Law School, and one of the most advanced thinkers about a number of technology network effects, but especially Net Neutrality.

It’s a history of various information technology waves, from the telephone to movies to television to the Internet, some analysis of what’s happening in today’s landscape with Google and Apple and others, and some of Wu’s suggestions for how to create more effective public policy in the future. I loved the first part (although I’m a technology history nerd of first order), and found the part about the current landscape interesting but already a bit out of date, and probably not as deep an analysis as I was hoping for. The prescriptions he outlines I thought weren’t quite right. I had a hard time really understanding how to think about the remedies he was suggesting, and how they could really work.

But overall, fantastic book, and has changed the way I think about technology waves.

While I was at Mozilla day-to-day, when I talked about open and closed systems, I would say something like this: new technologies (e.g. the PC, the smart phone, the tablet, etc etc) nearly always start closed and proprietary — it’s easier to create something completely new that’s innovative and disruptive if you control all the pieces, aren’t trying overmuch to play nicely with others. But then over time, technology tends to open up, as the techniques become more widely undertsood, horizontal layers come in to drive costs down and increase variety of solutions, etc. The interesting variable in every technology wave, I said, was how long and messy the “middle” between open and closed is — and of course, Mozilla’s mission with respect to the Web was to make the proprietary phase as short as possible, and get to open as quickly as we could.

After reading Wu’s book, I still think that’s essentially true, but not really the whole story. I now think technology waves tend to go from closed/proprietary to open and then back to closed, based around the strength of network distribution. In other words, and especially with communications and information technology, you tend to go from proprietary invention to open innovation and then things settle down as a small number of players control the distribution of content on their own networks based on the open technologies. These networks then tend to be few in number, and overwhelmingly dominant in their control over how people experience the technology and content.

The only thing that really unseats these networks is the rise of the next technology wave — that’s possible because successive technology waves tend to be much larger than what came before. That’s what’s happening now, with mobile completely overwhelming the previous waves of computing, being available to more people, more of the time, with more touch points in their lives.

And that’s why the fight between Apple, Google and Facebook is so, so fierce. Everyone is trying to move from the current wave of IT into the mobile one. Everyone is trying to become dominant, in order to take the wins from the network effects from the PC/Web battles and use them to win the next Mobile/Networked battle.

[As an aside, it's tough to imagine what technology wave will displace billions of people carrying smart phones (little network connected computers) around with them all the time, but what we do know is this: it will happen. Some giant new information tech wave will eventually make this mobile technology boom, which looks absolutely massive to us now, look small in retrospect. It's the nature of communications technology.]

Another thing that’s clear as you look at historical technology waves is that they’re getting shorter. Disruption is coming faster and faster. This, too, is an intuitive result. Each technology wave means that we’re able to communicate and collaborate more effectively and more quickly.

Companies that are dominant in one wave do not tend to be dominant in those following. They can be relevant, and even extremely relevant, but they don’t tend to dominate in the same way. Lots of reasons for that. They’ve got existing businesses to protect. They’re built on previous models of efficiency optimized for previous waves. They get big and complex and tired. I’m beginning to think that companies don’t dominate like this because not only are their innovators dilemma issues inherent in moving from one wave to the next, but also because you’ve got to not just jump waves, but also go through the closed-open-closed cycles of the new technology, and that’s an unnatural set of transitions to go through.

What I find so interesting about our current context — everyone who was dominant in the PC/Web era moving to the mobile era — is that they’re trying to jump directly to the closed network phase. Mobile systems right now look extremely vertically integrated, from services to servers to devices to content. I can’t yet discern the really open phase of mobile. I believe it will come, but it’s hard to see quite how right now, and I think this “open” battle between Apple and Google is really just prelude.

But who knows. It’s an exciting time to be alive and working. Every day I wake up and meet people who are building technologies and products that promise to completely rework the way we interact with our world and with each other. It feels like so much open water here; everything seems up for grabs.

I can’t recommend reading Tim Wu’s book highly enough. Whether you agree or disagree with any particular bit of it isn’t that important. Thinking about the technology waves that have come before help us think about what might come next, and how they might feel.

*This post also appeared on John Lilly’s blog: http://john.jubjubs.net/

–John

John Lilly is a venture partner at Greylock Partners and former CEO of Mozilla.


Super Deal-of-the-Day for Groupon and Congratulations to David Thacker!

We are always happy when our portfolio companies make good hires. And today we can testify to the fact that Groupon made a great one: our very own David Thacker.

Beginning today, David will be joining Groupon’s small but fast-growing product management team in Palo Alto.

It is extremely exciting to see graduates of our analyst, associate and principal programs find exciting opportunities for the next phase of their careers. David was previously at Google in product management and joined as part of our principal program. Typically a two-to-three-year program, it allows growing talents to see how we practice early-stage technology investing, work closely with our partners, get a view across our startups as they evolve and use their backgrounds to help those companies.

David made many significant contributions while he was with us:
* His analysis and advocacy were key components in our decision to invest in companies like Groupon, Cloudera, One King’s Lane, Redfin, TellApart and Pandora.
* After his promotion to associate partner, David led our investments in Gowalla and 1000 Memories.
* And last but not least, he spent countless hours meeting entrepreneurs, being a representative for Greylock in the start-up community and becoming a valued advisor to many companies across our portfolio.

Groupon’s meteoric rise is well documented and we are thrilled to be investors. Fittingly David was one of the staunchest internal advocates of the company early on. We look forward to having David as part of the extended Greylock family as he takes this next step in his career.

–David Sze

P.S. Groupon is looking to build out its product and engineering team in its new office in Palo Alto. Check out the listings here.

The Entrepreneur Questionnaire: Brian Chesky, Co-Founder and CEO of Airbnb

Brian Chesky, Co-Founder and CEO of Airbnb (photo credit: chadriley.com)

Brian Chesky is Co-Founder and CEO of Airbnb, an online community and marketplace for unique spaces. Airbnb, a Greylock-backed company, connects people who have space to spare with those who are looking for a place to stay. The site has helped people book more than 1 million nights in more than 9,000 cities in 176 countries around the world.

Describe your business in 10 words or fewer.
Community marketplace that connects people through unique spaces around the world.

What is the big idea behind your business?
For the first time ever with a single click of the button you have access to places, people and experiences to which you never had access before. It’s as easy as booking a hotel but with a local, authentic experience.

How did you come up with the idea for Airbnb?
Joe [Gebbia] and I had just moved to San Francisco and become roommates in 2007. Neither of us had a job and we needed money for rent. We were both designers and we knew the International Design Conference was coming to San Francisco in October, yet all the hotels were sold out. We thought we could make some money if we rented out our place and turned it into a bed and breakfast. We got three airbeds and created a Web site called “Air Bed and Breakfast.” People signed up to rent the airbeds and we cooked them breakfast every morning and acted like tour guides. We didn’t mean to start a business. It just sort of happened. There was no flash of genius. In the beginning, we didn’t realize that this would be the big idea. It was the thing that would pay the rent until we thought of the big idea. Gradually it became obvious that this was the big idea. Eventually we expanded beyond our apartment and our three airbeds and shortened the company name to Airbnb.

Why are you excited about the future for this company?
We are creating a new economy. We are giving consumers access to millions of people, unique spaces and experiences around the world. Airbnb turns online connections into real world meetings. It’s a new way of life, a new way to meet people, a new way to make money and a new way to travel. We also bring liquidity to a new marketplace that previously didn’t exist. In the next few years we will do for space what eBay did in the late 1990s. Some of our customers call it a revolution; some call it a movement. We’re living in a peer-to-peer, collaborative consumption era and Airbnb is helping to propel that forward.

Why did you become an entrepreneur?
I always was an entrepreneur. I grew up as an artist, which is similar to an entrepreneur in that you have a vision and you have the freedom to create it. Being an entrepreneur, you also have access to resources and people who can take your vision and help you bring it to the world. One of the tenets of industrial design is that you can be in service to the world and improve things in a meaningful way. To change the way millions of people live around the world is very compelling.

What was the most difficult lesson you have learned as an entrepreneur?
One of the lessons I learned from Paul Graham was to do important things that don’t scale. Frequently advisers tell you not to do things that can’t be done for millions of users at a time. Paul encouraged us to knock on doors to meet our users face-to-face. You obviously can’t do that for millions of people, but even on a small scale, it helps to build loyalty among your customer base and the information helps you improve on your product.

Another important lesson I learned is that as an entrepreneur, you have to be able to tell your story well—and frequently. It’s remarkable how much time you spend telling your story, whether to potential investors, employees, partners or the media. You need to seek out people with leverage and ask for their help in telling your story, as well.

What has surprised you about being an entrepreneur?
When I first started out, I took for granted the overall speed at which I thought things should happen. It turns out things happen slower in the short term and faster in the long term. As an entrepreneur, you are believer and so you tend to think your idea will be obvious and immediately transformative. But nothing happens at first, and not for a long time. You get 90% of the results in the last 10% of time. You spend so much time thinking about getting to the goal that you forget to think about what to do once you get there. You need to think 30 steps ahead.

What five adjectives would you use to describe yourself?
Passionate. Driven. Creative. Imaginative. Inspiring.

What values are important to you as an entrepreneur?
Devotion. A sense of possibility and an open mind. Resilience. Be yourself. Don’t try to be a clone of someone else.

What is the best business advice you’ve ever heard?
“Build the machine.” It means that in addition to focusing on building the product, you have to build the machine that builds the product. The machine is the human capital and the core values of the culture.

What is your motto?
As a kid I wore a couple of shirts in hockey camp. Both of them are relevant to what I do today. The first is a Wayne Gretzky quote: “Skate to where the puck is going not to where it’s been.” The other was “100% or nothing.”

Which living person do you most admire?
Steve Jobs. He changed the rules. He showed that someone with a liberal arts background can runs a technology company and become a leader. That is what I want to do.

What are you passionate about?
Two things: Design and turning Airbnb into a movement.

What motivates you?
Achieving. Moving toward my personal vision of the future. What motivates you to walk is the place you are walking toward. What motivates to build a company is what you want the company to become. I would love it if someday people forget what life was like before Airbnb.

What was your first paying job?
Selling artwork as an illustrator when I was in school.

What do you like most about being an entrepreneur?
The freedom to change the world.

What do you like least about being an entrepreneur?
The dozens of things that threaten to sidetrack you from your goals each day. As an entrepreneur, you just want to move forward.

If you could change one thing about yourself, what would it be?
I would like to be more patient. Once I make a decision I want to go but often times you need to explain how you came to your conclusions in order to get buy in from other people. You want to say, “Trust me!” but you do need to communicate to bring other people on board with your plan.

What do you consider your greatest achievement?
Starting Airbnb.

What is the last book you read?
I’m currently reading The Innovator’s Dilemma.

What advice would you give other entrepreneurs on how to build a great business?
Choose a good co-founder. Develop deep, personal relationships with people who share your values and yet also have a lot of the skills you don’t have.

-Interviewed by Erika Brown Ekiel

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